Assessment of Relations of Business Ecosystems with the Level of Economic Development of Regions of Russia

A.V. Ovchinnikova, S.D. Zimin

Udmurt Branch of the Institute of Economics, The Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

Abstract

Shifts in the economic environment are associated with the transition to a new technological order. The nascent production model is based on the creation of fundamentally new schemes of economic cooperation between economic entities. In addition, the current structural industrial crisis, exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic, leads to a general decline in business activity, and a decrease in the growth of regional economies. One of the forms of organizing and supporting regional entrepreneurship, which can ensure the coordination of the process of interaction of economic entities on the way from general competition to general cooperation, is the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem. The aim of the study is to determine the presence of a connection between the level of development of a region's entrepreneurial ecosystem and the general level of its economic development. The research hypotheses are as follows: H1 - the higher the level of development of the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem, the higher the level and dynamics of development of the regional economy as a whole; H2 - a subject with a more developed entrepreneurial ecosystem "lures" resources and participants of neighboring ecosystems. The objects of the research are the regional economies of 79 regions of the Russian Federation in 2005-2019. To confirm the first hypothesis, a cluster analysis of the studied subjects was carried out, dividing them into four cluster groups according to the concept of the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems. To confirm the second hypothesis, we calculated the paired correlation and covariance coefficients between the deviations of the fertility rates of organizations and the rates of official liquidation by region. It has been established that regions with mature entrepreneurial ecosystems have higher indicators of economic development, as well as other key indicators of the quality of development of the region's entrepreneurial ecosystem. It was not possible to statistically confirm the second of the theses put forward. Fertility rates and the official liquidation of organizations for the subjects under study changed mainly in the same direction, that is, under the influence of the same factors. This idea is confirmed by the calculation of the pair correlation coefficients. Despite the absence of a statistical possibility of substantiating the second hypothesis of the study, the relationship between the level of development of the region's entrepreneurial ecosystem and the general level of regional economic development has been established. The results obtained can be applied in planning and forecasting the economic development of regional economies.

Keywords

entrepreneurial ecosystem; regional economy; development of entrepreneurship; factors of development of the regional economy.

JEL classification

References

1. Trofimova, N.N. (2021). Problemy i perspektivy formirovaniia ekonomiki znanii v usloviiakh postindustrial'noi ekonomiki (Problems And Prospects Of Knowledge Economy Formation In The Post-Industrial Economy). Strategii biznesa (Business Strategies). Vol. 9, No. 1, 4–8. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17747/2311-7184-2021-1-4-8.

         2. Burkovsky, I.V. (1992). Strukturno-funktsionalnaia organizatsiia i ustoichivost morskikh donnykh soobshchestv [Structural and functional organization and sustainability of marine bottom communities]. Moscow, MSU. (In Russ.).

         3. Mason, C., Brown, R. (2013). Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Growth Oriented Entrepreneurship. Final Report to OECD. Paris, OECD, 38 р. Available at: www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/Entrepreneurial-ecosystems.pdf.

         4. Spigel, B., Harrison, R. (2018). Toward a process theory of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Vol. 12, Issue 1, 151–168. DOI: 10.1002/sej.1268.

         5.Porter, M. (1998). On Competition. Harvard Business Review Press.

         6. Bergman, E.M., Feser, E.J. (1999). Industrial and Regional Clusters: Concepts and Comparative Applications. Edited by S. Loveridge, R. Jackson. Regional Research Institute, WVU.

         7. Enright, M. (1996). Regional Clusters and Economic Development: A Research Agenda. In Business Networks: Prospects for Regional Development. Edited by U.Η. Staber, N.V. Schaefer, B. Sharma. Berlin; New York, Walter de Gruyter, 190–213. DOI: 10.1515/9783110809053.190.

         8. Fredriksson, C., Lindmark, L. (1979). From Firms to Systems of Firms - A Study of Interregional Dependence in a Dynamic Society. In Spatial Analysis, Industry and the Industrial Environment. Vol. 1 – Industrial Systems. Edited by F.E.I. Hamilton, G.J.R. Linge.New York; Brisbane; Toronto, John Wiley & Sons. DOI: 10.1177/016001768300800201.

         9. Freeman, C. (1988). Japan: A new national innovation system. In Technology and Economy Theory. London, Pinter Publishers, 331–348.

         10. Patel, P., Pavitt, K. (1994). The nature and economic importance of national innovation systems. STI Review, No. 14. Paris, OECD, 9–32.

         11. Cooke, P. (1996). The new wave of regional innovation networks: Analysis, characteristics and strategy. Small Business Economics, Vol. 8, Issue 2, 159–171. DOI: 10.1007/BF00394424.

         12. Burt, R. (2001). The Social Capital of structural holes. In New Directions in Economic Sociology. Edited by M.F. Guillen, R. Collins, P. England, M. Meyer. N.Y., Russel Sage Foundation, 201–246.

         13. Elfring, T., Hulsink, W. (2001). Networks in entrepreneurship: The case of high-technology firms. Small Business Economics, Vol. 21, Issue 4, 409–422. DOI: 10.1023/A:1026180418357.

         14. Hite, J.M., Hesterly, W.S. (2001). The evolution of firm networks: From emergence to early growth of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 22, Issue 3, 275–286. DOI: 10.1002/smj.156.

         15. Bondarenko, N.E. (2016). Klasternaia teoriia ekonomicheskogo razvitiia: istoriia stanovleniia i formirovaniia [Cluster theory of economic development: History of concept development]. Simvol nauki [Symbol of Science], No. 2, 116–121. (In Russ.).

         16. Topoleva, T.N. (2019). Innovatsionnye promyshlennye klastery v regionalnoi ekonomike (Innovative industrial clusters in regional economy). Vestnik Permskogo natsionalnogo issledovatelskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Sotsialno-ekonomicheskie nauki (PNRPU Sociology and Economics Bulletin), No. 3, 139–151. (In Russ.).

         17. Doloreux, D. (2002). What we should know about regional systems of innovation? Technology in Society: An International Journal, Vol. 24, Issue 3, 243–263. DOI: 10.1016/S0160-791X(02)00007-6.

         18. Khusnutdinov, R.N. (2020). Formirovanie predprinimatel'skikh setei vnutri regional'nykh klasterov (To the question about the formation of business networks inside regional clusters). Kazanskii ekonomicheskii vestnik (Kazan Economic Vestnik), No. 4 (48), 85–89. (In Russ.).

         19. Startseva, T.E., Smirnova, E.V. (2013). Predprinimatelskie seti i ikh rol v deiatel'nosti innovatsionnykh i nauchno-issledovatel'skikh predpriiatii (Enterprise networks and their role in activity of the innovative and research enterprises). Voprosy regionalnoi ekonomiki (Questions of the Regional Economy), No. 4 (17), 74–81. (In Russ.).

         20. Valdez, J. (1988). The entrepreneurial ecosystem: toward a theory of new business formation. Proceedings of the Small Business Institute Director's Association. San Antonio, University of Texas, 102–113.

         21. Moore, J.F. (1998). Predators and prey: a new ecology of competition. Harvard Business Review, Vol. 71, Issue 3, 75–86.

         22. Spilling, O.R. (1996). The entrepreneurial system: On entrepreneurship in the context of a mega event. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 36, Issue 1, 91–103. DOI: 10.1016/0148-2963(95)00166-2.

         23. Cohen, B. (2006). Sustainable valley entrepreneurial ecosystems. Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol. 15, Issue 1, 1–14. DOI: 10.1002/bse.428.

         24. Isenberg, D.J. (2010). How to start an entrepreneurial revolution. Harvard Business Review, Vol. 88, Issue 6, 1–10.

         25. Stam, E. (2014). The Dutch entrepreneurial ecosystem. SSRN Electronic Journal, 41. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2473475.

         26. Hannan, M., Freeman, J. (1977). The population ecology of organizations. American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 82, Issue 5, 929–964. DOI: 10.1086/226424.

         27. Komlosi, E., Pager, B., Markus, G. (2019). Predprinimatelskie innovatsii v stranakh s raznym urovnem razvitiia (Entrepreneurial Innovations in Countries at Different Stages of Development). Foresight and STI Governance, Vol. 13, No. 4, 23–34. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17323/25002597.2019.4.23.34.

         28. Zemtsov, S.P., Baburin, V.L. (2019). Predprinimatelskie ekosistemy v regionakh Rossii (Entrepreneurial ecosystems in the Russian regions). Regionalnye issledovaniia (Regional Studies), No. 2, 4–14. (In Russ.). DOI: 10.5922/1994-5280-2019-2-1.

         29. Dubina, I.N., Kozhevina, O.V., Chub, A.A. (2016). Innovatsionno-predprinimatelskie ekosistemy kak faktor ustoichivosti regionalnogo razvitiia (Innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystems as a factor of sustainable regional development). Ekonomicheskii analiz: teoriia i praktika (Economic Analysis: Theory and Practice), No. 4 (451), 4–19. (In Russ.).

         30. Harima, J. (2020). Public Accelerators in Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. Springer, 263 р. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-31655-6.

About Authors

Ovchinnikova Anna Vladimirovna

Doctor of Economics, Director of the Udmurt Branch of the Institute of Economics, The Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russia (426000, Izhevsk, Lomonosov Street 4); ORCID 0000-0001-9713-9583; e-mail: ovchinnikova.av@uiec.ru.

Zimin Stepan Dmitrievich

Post-Graduate Student, Junior Researcher, Udmurt Branch of the Institute of Economics, The Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, Russia (426000, Izhevsk, Lomonosov Street 4); ORCID 0000-0002-3874-4334; e-mail: stepanzimin@mail.ru.

For citation

Ovchinnikova A.V., Zimin S.D. Assessment of Relations of Business Ecosystems with the Level of Economic Development of Regions of Russia. Journal of Applied Economic Research, 2021, Vol. 20, No. 3, 362-382. DOI: 10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.3.015.

Article info

Received May 23, 2021; Revised July 14, 2021; Accepted August 1, 2021.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2021.20.3.015

Download full text article: